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Elasto-plastic fatigue crack growth analysis of plane problems in the presence of flaws using XFEM

SHEDBALE,I. V. SINGH,B. K. MISHRA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 420-440 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0305-y

Abstract: The -integral for two fracture modes (mode-I and mode-II) is obtained by decomposing the displacementtheir symmetric and antisymmetric parts, then individual stress intensity factors are extracted from -integral

Keywords： XFEM     von-Mises yield criterion     isotropic hardening     fatigue crack growth     <i>Ji>-integral    

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A toughness based deformation limit for X- and K-joints under brace axial tension

Bo GU,Xudong QIAN,Aziz AHMED

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 345-362 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0333-2

Abstract: This study reports a deformation limit for the initiation of ductile fracture failure in fatigue-cracked circular hollow section (CHS) X- and K-joints subjected to brace axial tension. The proposed approach sets the deformation limit as the numerically computed crack driving force in a fatigue crack at the hot-spot location in the tubular joint reaches the material fracture toughness measured from standard fracture specimens. The calibration of the numerical procedure predicates on reported numerical computations on the crack driving force and previously published verification study against large-scale CHS X-joints with fatigue generated surface cracks. The development of the deformation limit includes a normalization procedure, which covers a wide range of the geometric parameters and material toughness levels. The lower-bound deformation limits thus developed follow a linear relationship with respect to the crack-depth ratio for both X- and K-joints. Comparison of the predicated deformation limit against experimental on cracked tubular X- and K-joints demonstrates the conservative nature of the proposed deformation limit. The proposed deformation limit, when extrapolated to a zero crack depth, provides an estimate on the deformation limits for intact X- and K-joints under brace axial loads.

Keywords： circular hollow section (CHS)     tubular joint     fracture failure     deformation limit     <i>Ji>-integral    

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species associated with eucalypt diseases in southern China

Shuaifei CHEN, Qianli LIU, Guoqing LI, Michael J. WINGFIELD

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 433-447 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017173

Abstract: The genus includes several important pathogens of species of and , mainly causing leaf and shoot blight. Recently, extensive shoot and leaf dieback and stem cankers suspected to be diseases have been found on young trees in Guangdong and Hainan Provinces. The occurrence of species and their association with eucalypt hosts within China needs to be investigated for tree diseases management. The isolates from the diseased samples were identified based on their morphological structures and phylogenetic analyses with DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer region and large ribosome subunit RNA of the nuclear rDNA. This work revealed that three species of were present: from , from , both isolated from young eucalypt leaves and shoots in Guangdong Province, and , which was isolated from stem cankers of at four different sites across Guangdong and Hainan Provinces. These results confirmed that agents were associated with the diseases occurring on eucalypt hosts in South China. This is the first report of in Asia and the first report of in China on trees.

Keywords： <i>Corymbiai>     <i>Eucalyptusi>     forest pathogens     plantations     Myrtaceae    

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FeNi doped porous carbon as an efficient catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

Jun-Wei Zhang, Hang Zhang, Tie-Zhen Ren, Zhong-Yong Yuan, Teresa J. Bandosz

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2,   Pages 279-287 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1965-2

Abstract: Polymer-derived porous carbon was used as a support of iron and nickel species with an objective to obtain an efficient oxygen reduction reaction (OER) catalyst. The surface features were extensively characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. On FeNi-modified carbon the overpotential for OER was very low (280 mV) and comparable to that on noble metal catalyst IrO . The electrochemical properties have been investigated to reveal the difference between the binary alloy- and single metal-doped carbons. This work demonstrates a significant step for the development of low-cost, environmentally-friendly and highly-efficient OER catalysts.

Keywords： OER     polystyrene salt     porous carbon     FeNi alloy     <i>pi>/<i>ni> junction    

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Numerical investigation of the ultimate lateral resistance of piles in soft clay

TZIVAKOS,Michael J. KAVVADAS

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 194-200 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0251-0

Abstract: The paper presents a numerical study on the undrained lateral response of a single, free-head, reinforced concrete pile in soft clays. Soil conditions simulating normally consolidated clays are examined—undrained shear strength increasing with depth—and the pile-soil interaction under static lateral loading is analyzed. The nonlinear ? curves proposed in literature for soft clays are imported into a beam-on-nonlinear-Winkler-foundation simulation in order to predict the pile head lateral load—displacement curve and the distribution of the horizontal displacement and bending moment along the pile. The striking differences among these methods require further investigation via 3D finite element analyses. The determination of the ultimate soil resistance from the results of the finite element analyses aims at providing the estimation of a range of values for the ultimate soil resistance coefficient with depth and the comparison of the derived values to the corresponding ones proposed by existing methodologies.

Keywords： laterally loaded     pile     soft clay     <i>pi>?<i>yi> curves     finite element method (FEM)    

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Aseismic smart building isolation systems under multi-level earthquake excitations: Part I, conceptual

Min-Ho CHEY,J. Geoffrey CHASE,John B. MANDER,Athol J. CARR

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3,   Pages 286-296 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0307-9

Abstract: point, between the separated upper and lower stories entails the insertion of rubber bearings and (i)

Keywords： tuned mass damper     smart building isolation     resettable device     non-linear     statistical assessment    

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Advances in eucalypt research in China

Yaojian XIE, Roger J. ARNOLD, Zhihua WU, Shuaifei CHEN, Apeng DU, Jianzhong LUO

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 380-390 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017171

Abstract: Eucalypt plantations in China currently exceed 4.5 Mhm , and this country has the third largest area of such plantations after India and Brazil. China’s eucalypt industry now comprises a complex, multifaceted industry including seedling propagation, fertilizer production and supply, plantation silviculture, harvesting and transport, wood processing for products including lumber, pulp and paper, and wood-based panels, as well as bioenergy production and various forest byproducts and non-wood forest products. In 2015, the combined value of output of this whole industry was around 300 billion CNY. Chinese research and development (R&D) has been instrumental in supporting growth and development across the whole breadth of the country’s eucalypt industry. In this report, recent advances in this R&D are reviewed under six key topics: (1) advanced propagation technology; (2) genetic resources and breeding; (3) targeted silviculture; (4) eucalypt disease and pest management; (5) enhancing plantation ecology and sustainability; and (6) wood processing and byproduct technology. R&D has greatly facilitated expansion and proliferation of all parts of China’s eucalypt industry. This industry is now of major importance to China’s economy; it involves tens of thousands of growers and companies that provide livelihoods for hundreds of thousands of people.

Keywords： China Eucalypt Research Centre     timber production     tree improvement     silviculture     forest industry     <i>Eucalyptusi>    

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Stress-related ecophysiology of members of the genus

Om Prakash, Stefan J. Green, Pooja Singh, Puja Jasrotia, Joel E. Kostka

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1315-0

Abstract: Abstract • Rhodanobacter spp. are dominant in acidic, high nitrate and metal contaminated sites. • Dominance of Rhodanobacter is likely due to tolerance to low pH and heavy metals. • High organic content increases stress tolerance capacity. • Longer incubation time is critical for accurate assessment of MIC (various stresses). This work examines the physiologic basis of stress tolerance in bacterial strains of the genus Rhodanobacter that dominate in the acidic and highly metal contaminated near-source subsurface zone of the Oak Ridge Integrated Field Research Challenge (ORIFRC) site. Tolerance of R. denitrificans to levels of different stresses were studied in synthetic groundwater medium and R2A broth. Two strains of R. denitrificans, strains 2APBS1T and 116-2, tolerate low to circumneutral pH (4–8), high Uranium (1 mmol/L), elevated levels of nitrate (400 mmol/L) and high NaCl (2.5%). A combination of physiologic traits, such as growth at low pH, increased growth in the presence of high organics concentration, and tolerance of high concentrations of nitrate, NaCl and heavy metals is likely responsible for dominance of Rhodanobacter at the ORIFRC site. Furthermore, extended incubation times and use of low carbon media, better approximating site groundwater conditions, are critical for accurate determination of stress responses. This study expands knowledge of the ecophysiology of bacteria from the genus Rhodanobacter and identifies methodological approaches necessary for acquiring accurate tolerance data.

Keywords： <i>Rhodanobacteri>     Uranium     Nitrate     Metals     Stress tolerance    

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Particle size distribution and shape control of Au nanoparticles used for particle gun

Ichiji, J. Watanabe, I. Hirasawa

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 60-64 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1313-x

Abstract: Au nanoparticles are expected for the media to transfer genes into plants. However, the control of particle size distribution (PSD) and shape of Au nanoparticles is too difficult to design and prepare particles with suitable quality for the gene supporting media. Reduction crystallization experiments were performed in aqueous solution in order to clarify the effect of feeding conditions such as feeding profile, feeding rate, and feeding amount on PSD and shape of Au nanoparticles. Ascorbic acid (AsA) was selected as a reducing agent because it is safe for plants. Au particles of 50 nm, 50–200 nm, and 150–400 nm were obtained in batch operation, single-jet, and double-jet, respectively. Moreover, in single-jet and double-jet, the mean size of the obtained Au particles increases with the decrease of feeding rate or the increase of feeding amount. It is concluded that PSD of Au nanoparticles can be controlled in the range of 50–400 nm by changing feeding conditions of AsA and HAuCl aqueous solution.

Keywords： reduction crystallization     particle size distribution     gene transferring media    

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Deciphering the Origins of P1-Induced Power Losses in Cu(In<i>xi>,Ga1–<i>xi> Article

César Omar Ramírez Quiroz, Laura-Isabelle Dion-Bertrand, Christoph J.

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 12,   Pages 1395-1402 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.019

Abstract:

In this report, we show that hyperspectral high-resolution photoluminescence mapping is a powerful tool for the selection and optimiz1ation of the laser ablation processes used for the patterning interconnections of subcells on Cu(Inx,Ga1-x)Se2 (CIGS) modules. In this way, we show that in-depth monitoring of material degradation in the vicinity of the ablation region and the identification of the underlying mechanisms can be accomplished. Specifically, by analyzing the standard P1 patterning line ablated before the CIGS deposition, we reveal an anomalous emission-quenching effect that follows the edge of the molybdenum groove underneath. We further rationalize the origins of this effect by comparing the topography of the P1 edge through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) cross-section, where a reduction of the photoemission cannot be explained by a thickness variation. We also investigate the laser-induced damage on P1 patterning lines performed after the deposition of CIGS. We then document, for the first time, the existence of a short-range damaged area, which is independent of the application of an optical aperture on the laser path. Our findings pave the way for a better understanding of P1-induced power losses and introduce new insights into the improvement of current strategies for industry-relevant module interconnection schemes.

Keywords： Cu(Inx     Ga1-x)Se2     Cell-to-module efficiency gap     P1-induced power losses     Hyperspectral photoluminescence     Laser ablation short-range heat effect    

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Development of a new method for RMR and Q classification method to optimize support system in tunneling

Asghar RAHMATI,Lohrasb FARAMARZI,Manouchehr SANEI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 448-455 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0262-x

Abstract: Rock mass classification system is very suitable for various engineering design and stability analysis. classification method is confirmed by Japan Highway Public Corporation that this method can figure out either strength or deformability of rock mass, further appropriating the amount of rock bolts, thickness of shotcrete, and size of pitch of steel ribs just after the blasting procedure. Based on these advantages of method, in this study, according to data of five deep and long tunnels in Iran, two equations for estimating the value of method from and classification systems were developed. These equations as a new method were able to optimize the support system for and classification systems. From classification and its application in these case studies, it is pointed out that the method for the design of support systems in underground working is more reliable than the and classification systems.

Keywords： <i>JHi> classification     <i>Qi> and <i>RMRi> classification     new method    

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The Potential Role of Powdery Mildew-Resistance Gene <i>Pm40i> in Chinese Wheat-Breeding Programs inthe Post-<i>Pm21i> Era Perspective

Shengwen Tang,Yuting Hu,Shengfu Zhong,Peigao Luo

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 500-506 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.06.004

Abstract:

Powdery mildew, which is caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is an important leaf disease that affects wheat yield. Powdery mildew-resistance (Pm) gene Pm21 was first transferred into wheat in the 1980s, by translocating the Heuchera villosa chromosome arm 6VS to the wheat chromosome arm 6AL (6VS·6AL). Recently, new Bgt isolates that are virulent to Pm21 have been identified in some wheat fields, indicating that wheat breeders should be aware of the risk of deploying Pm21, although pathological details regarding these virulent isolates still remain to be discovered. Pm40 was identified and mapped on the wheat chromosome arm 7BS from several wheat lines developed from the progenies of a wild cross between wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium. Pm40 offers a broad spectrum of resistance to Bgt, which suggests that it is likely to provide potentially durable resistance. Cytological methods did not detect any large alien chromosomal segment in the wheat lines carrying Pm40. Lines with Pm40 and promising agronomical traits have been released by several wheat-breeding programs in the past several years. Therefore, we believe that Pm40 will play a role in powdery mildew-resistance wheat breeding after Pm21 resistance is overcome by Bgt isolates. In addition, both Pm21 and Pm40 were derived from alien species, suggesting that the resistance genes derived from alien species are potentially more durable or effective than those identified from wheat.

Keywords： Wheat     Powdery mildew     <i>Pm21i>     <i>Pm40i>     Alien species     Native resistance    

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NiFeRuO<i>xi> nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11,   Pages 1698-1706 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2334-8

Abstract: The electrocatalyst NiFeRuO<i>xi>/NF, comprised of NiFeRuO<i>xi> nanosheetsNiFeRuO<i>xi>/NF displays high electrocatalytic activity and stability for overall alkalineA solar-driven system containing such a bifunctional NiFeRuO<i>xi>/NF has an almost 100%The NiFeRuO<i>xi> coating around Ni foam is an anti-corrosion layer and also a critical

Keywords： NiFeRuO<i>xi> nanosheets     Ni foam     electrocatalysis     overall seawater splitting     solar-driven    

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Presence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of RE-<i>cmeABCi>-Positive <i>Campylobacteri> Isolated Article

Dejun Liu, Weiwen Liu, Xing Li, Hong Yao, Zhangqi Shen, Yang Wang, Jianzhong Shen

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 34-39 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.10.013

Abstract:

Campylobacter spp. (C. spp.) are the leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. RE-CmeABC is a newly identified resistance-enhancing multidrug efflux pump of C. spp. that confers high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones, phenicols, macrolides, and tetracyclines, all of which are critical drugs in both human and veterinary medicine. In this study, we analyzed the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of RE-cmeABC-positive Campylobacter isolates of food-animal origin from three representative regions (Shandong, Shanghai, and Guangdong) in China over three successive years, from 2014 to 2016. A total of 1088 Campylobacter isolates (931 C. coli and 157 C. jejuni) were recovered from the RE-cmeABC screening. We detected 122 (11.2%) RE-cmeABC-positive isolates of chicken origin, including 111 (70.7%) C. jejuni and 11 (1.2%) C. coli. This multidrug efflux pump is more prevalent among C. jejuni than C. coli. The level of resistance was significantly different in 111 RE-cmeABC-positive C. jejuni versus 46 RE-cmeABC-negative C. jejuni for florfenicol, clindamycin, and erythromycin (P < 0.05), but not for ciprofloxacin (CIP), tetracycline (TET), and gentamicin. However, the isolates harboring RE-cmeABC could shift the minimum inhibitory concentration distribution to the higher range for CIP and TET. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis suggested that horizontal transmission might be involved in the dissemination of RE-cmeABC in Shanghai and Guangdong, while clonal expansion was predominant in Shandong. Three isolates shared the indiscriminate PFGE types of RE-cmeABC-positive C. jejuni isolates in Shanghai and Guangdong, and four isolates in Shanghai and Shandong. Our study suggests the possibility of a wide dissemination of RE-cmeABC in Campylobacter of food-animal origin, which would pose a significant threat to public health.

Keywords： RE-<i>cmeABCi>     <i>Campylobacteri>     Ciprofloxacin     Florfenicol    

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A highly efficient methodology for the preparation of

Yongxin Zhang, Shucheng Wang, Yaodong Huang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3,   Pages 679-686 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1979-9

Abstract: A convenient and highly efficient method is described for the synthesis of -methoxycarbazole derivatives, including those with sterically demanding, benzannulated, or strongly electron-donating or -withdrawing substituents. Various -methoxycarbazole derivatives were directly prepared in good-to-moderate yields by the Pd (dba) CHCl /9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene-catalyzed reactions of the corresponding dibromobiphenyl compounds and methoxya-mine. Based on this methodology, the first total synthesis of 3,3′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis(9-methoxy-9 -carbazole), an antimicrobial dimeric carbazole alkaloid previously isolated from the stem bark of , was achieved in 18% yield over seven steps from 1,2-dibromobenzene.

Keywords： <i>Ni>-methoxyl carbazole     dimeric <i>Ni>-methoxyl carbazole     alkaloid     total synthesis     double <i>Ni>-arylation of methoxyamine    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Elasto-plastic fatigue crack growth analysis of plane problems in the presence of flaws using XFEM

SHEDBALE,I. V. SINGH,B. K. MISHRA

Journal Article

A toughness based deformation limit for X- and K-joints under brace axial tension

Bo GU,Xudong QIAN,Aziz AHMED

Journal Article

species associated with eucalypt diseases in southern China

Shuaifei CHEN, Qianli LIU, Guoqing LI, Michael J. WINGFIELD

Journal Article

FeNi doped porous carbon as an efficient catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

Jun-Wei Zhang, Hang Zhang, Tie-Zhen Ren, Zhong-Yong Yuan, Teresa J. Bandosz

Journal Article

Numerical investigation of the ultimate lateral resistance of piles in soft clay

TZIVAKOS,Michael J. KAVVADAS

Journal Article

Aseismic smart building isolation systems under multi-level earthquake excitations: Part I, conceptual

Min-Ho CHEY,J. Geoffrey CHASE,John B. MANDER,Athol J. CARR

Journal Article

Advances in eucalypt research in China

Yaojian XIE, Roger J. ARNOLD, Zhihua WU, Shuaifei CHEN, Apeng DU, Jianzhong LUO

Journal Article

Stress-related ecophysiology of members of the genus

Om Prakash, Stefan J. Green, Pooja Singh, Puja Jasrotia, Joel E. Kostka

Journal Article

Particle size distribution and shape control of Au nanoparticles used for particle gun

Ichiji, J. Watanabe, I. Hirasawa

Journal Article

Deciphering the Origins of P1-Induced Power Losses in Cu(In<i>xi>,Ga1–<i>xi>

César Omar Ramírez Quiroz, Laura-Isabelle Dion-Bertrand, Christoph J.

Journal Article

Development of a new method for RMR and Q classification method to optimize support system in tunneling

Asghar RAHMATI,Lohrasb FARAMARZI,Manouchehr SANEI

Journal Article

The Potential Role of Powdery Mildew-Resistance Gene <i>Pm40i> in Chinese Wheat-Breeding Programs inthe Post-<i>Pm21i> Era

Shengwen Tang,Yuting Hu,Shengfu Zhong,Peigao Luo

Journal Article

NiFeRuO<i>xi> nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient

Journal Article

Presence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of RE-<i>cmeABCi>-Positive <i>Campylobacteri> Isolated

Dejun Liu, Weiwen Liu, Xing Li, Hong Yao, Zhangqi Shen, Yang Wang, Jianzhong Shen

Journal Article

A highly efficient methodology for the preparation of

Yongxin Zhang, Shucheng Wang, Yaodong Huang

Journal Article